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Cover Letter Guide
When you need one and how to write it.
Most applications don't require cover letters, but when they do (or when you're going around normal channels), a good cover letter connects your experience to their specific needs and shows you've done your homework. Keep it to 3-4 paragraphs max.
Of hiring managers say cover letters influence their decision
Industry researchHigher response rate for personalized cover letters vs. generic ones
Application A/B testingOptimal cover letter length based on hiring manager preferences
Readability researchIs this track right for you?
Use this track If you…
- ✓The application specifically requires a cover letter
- ✓You're reaching out directly to a hiring manager
- ✓You're making a career change and need to explain your pivot
Consider another track If you…
- ✗The application doesn't have a cover letter field
- ✗You're applying through a referral who can vouch for you
- ✗You're mass-applying and a generic letter would hurt more than help
Common questions
Do I always need a cover letter?
No. Only write one if it's required, you're reaching out directly, or you have something important to explain (career change, relocation).
How long should a cover letter be?
3-4 paragraphs, under 200 words. Hiring managers skim—get to the point quickly.
Should I repeat my resume in the cover letter?
No. The cover letter should add context or connect dots that the resume doesn't, not repeat it.
How do I address a career change in a cover letter?
Focus on transferable skills and genuine interest in the new field. Explain 'why' you're changing, not just 'what'.
Should I mention salary expectations?
Generally no, unless the posting specifically asks for it. Save compensation discussion for later stages.
How do I find the hiring manager's name?
Check LinkedIn, company About pages, or the job posting. If you can't find it, 'Dear Hiring Team' works.
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